posted 14th April 2025
The intricate relationship between the mind and body has long been a topic of interest in the field of mental health. One often overlooked yet significant connection is the link between anxiety and digestion. Research has shown that anxiety can have a profound impact on the digestive system, and conversely, digestive issues can exacerbate anxiety symptoms.
We will look into the complex relationship between anxiety and digestion, exploring the latest research and insights from British academics.
The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication network between the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gut. This complex system enables the exchange of information between the brain and the gut, influencing mood, cognitive function, and overall well-being (Cryan & Dinan, 2012).
Research has shown that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. The gut microbiome produces neurotransmitters, hormones, and other signalling molecules that can influence mood and cognitive function (Sudo et al., 2004). Alterations in the gut microbiome, also known as dysbiosis, have been linked to anxiety disorders, including generalised anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder (Kelly et al., 2015).
The Impact of Anxiety on Digestion
Anxiety can have a profound impact on the digestive system, leading to a range of symptoms including:
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Abdominal pain and cramping
- Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea or constipation
Research has shown that anxiety can affect digestion in several ways, including altering gut motility and secretion, increasing inflammation and oxidative stress and disrupting the balance of the gut microbiome. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology found that individuals with anxiety disorders exhibited altered gut motility and secretion, leading to symptoms of IBS (Krajmalnik-Brown et al., 2015).
The Impact of Digestion on Anxiety
Conversely, digestive issues can also exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Research has shown that individuals with IBS and IBD are more likely to experience anxiety and depression (Mikocka-Walus et al., 2016). A study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders found that individuals with IBS exhibited increased symptoms of anxiety and depression following a meal, suggesting a link between digestion and anxiety (Koloski et al., 2016).
Managing Anxiety and Digestion
Fortunately, there are several strategies that can help manage anxiety and digestion. These include:
- Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness meditation
- Engaging in regular exercise, such as yoga or walking
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Avoiding trigger foods and drinks, such as caffeine and spicy foods
- Considering probiotics or other supplements to support gut health
The link between anxiety and digestion is complex and bidirectional. Anxiety can affect digestion, leading to a range of symptoms, while digestive issues can also exacerbate anxiety symptoms. By understanding this relationship and implementing strategies to manage anxiety and digestion, individuals can take the first steps towards achieving optimal mental and physical health.
References:
Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2012). Melancholic microbes: a link between gut bacteria and depression. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 24(9), 713-719.
Kelly, J. R., Borre, Y., & Dinan, T. G. (2015). The impact of the gut microbiome on mental health. International Journal of Psychopharmacology, 18(2), 147-155.
Koloski, N. A., Jones, M., & Talley, N. J. (2016). Irritable bowel syndrome: a review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 191, 85-94.
Krajmalnik-Brown, R., Ilhan, Z. E., Kang, D. W., & DiBaise, J. K. (2015). Effects of gut-directed hypnotherapy on IBS symptoms: a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(1), 1-13.
Mikocka-Walus, A. A., Pittet, V., & Rossel, J. B. (2016). Symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(1), 1-11.
Sudo, N., Chida, Y., Aiba, Y., Sonoda, J., Oyama, N., & Yu, X. N. (2004). Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice.
