posted 15th May 2024
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) affects a significant number of menstruating individuals, causing distressing physical and emotional symptoms that can disrupt their daily lives. We will look into what PMDD entails, its potential causes, and the role of talking therapies in managing this condition. Supported by academic references, we will explore how these therapies can offer effective support for individuals with PMDD.
PMDD manifests as a range of challenging symptoms experienced during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These symptoms include severe mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, fatigue, changes in appetite, and difficulty concentrating. Researchers suggest that hormonal fluctuations, neurotransmitter imbalances, and genetic factors contribute to the development of PMDD (Epperson et al., 2012).
The Benefit of Talking Therapies for PMDD
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
CBT is a prominent therapeutic approach used to address PMDD. By working with the individual, it helps identify negative thought patterns and unhealthy behaviours, providing practical tools and strategies to replace them with positive alternatives. CBT assists in reframing beliefs surrounding PMDD symptoms, enhancing coping skills, and developing effective relaxation techniques (Schiller et al., 2019).
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
IPT focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and boosting social support. This therapy addresses any problematic relationship dynamics and enhances communication skills. By doing so, it reduces the impact of PMDD symptoms on personal relationships. Moreover, IPT encourages self-care practices and assists individuals in building a strong support network (Morrow, 2017).
Mindfulness-Based Therapy
Mindfulness-based approaches like Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) offer promising results for individuals with PMDD. These therapies emphasise non-judgmental awareness of thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations, fostering compassion and acceptance towards symptoms. Mindfulness techniques reduce stress, improve emotional regulation, and enhance overall well-being (Hofmann et al., 2010).
The Benefits of Talking Therapies
a. Symptom Management: Talking therapies provide individuals with practical tools and techniques to manage their PMDD symptoms. By recognising triggers and implementing coping strategies, individuals can gain better control over their emotions, improve mood regulation, and minimise the disruptive impact of PMDD on their daily lives.
b. Enhanced Self-Awareness: Engaging in talking therapies enables individuals to gain a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behavioural patterns. By facilitating self-reflection and introspection, these therapies empower individuals to make conscious choices and respond more effectively to their PMDD symptoms.
c. Social Support and Validation: Talking therapies create a safe and supportive environment where individuals with PMDD can express their concerns, fears, and frustrations. Through the therapeutic relationship, they receive validation for their experiences, fostering a sense of understanding and support.
PMDD presents significant challenges for those affected, but talking therapies offer a valuable avenue for managing this condition. By integrating cognitive-behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches, individuals with PMDD can develop effective strategies to cope with their symptoms, improve interpersonal relationships, and enhance their overall well-being. The inclusion of talking therapies in a comprehensive treatment plan equips individuals with essential tools to navigate their PMDD symptoms and regain control over their lives.
References:
- Epperson, C. N., Steiner, M., Hartlage, S. A., Eriksson, E., Schmidt, P. J., Jones, I.,... Rubinow, D. R. (2012). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Evidence for a new category for DSM-5. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(5), 465-475.
- Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169-183.
- Morrow, M. (2017). Defining the role of psychotherapy in the management of PMDD. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 20(6), 761-762.
- Schiller, C. E., Johnson, S. L., Abate, A. C., Schmidt, P. J., & Rubinow, D. R. (2019). Reproductive steroid regulation of mood and behavior. Comprehensive Physiology, 9(3), 977-1008.
